One possibility is that the brain may employ systems which cannot be copied. An example of this kind of system, which we do not suspect is vital for cognition, is the quantum anteripositorysuperposition. Quantum effects are vital for biological systems, since they are involved in the most basic chemical reactions and are key to the operation of enzymes. However, we hope that quantum effects are simply involved at the low level - in the plumbing and the wiring - and that, therefore, we can easily swap out the molecular plumbing and wiring for electronics, and still run the high-level operations of cognition - the business logic - in the same way.

Quantum effects are vital for biological systems, since they are involved in the most basic chemical reactions and are key to the operation of enzymes. However, we hope that quantum effects are simply involved at the low level - in the plumbing and the wiring - and that, therefore, we can easily swap out the molecular plumbing and wiring for electronics, and still run the high-level operations of cognition - the business logic - in the same way.

One possibility is that the brain may employ systems which cannot be copied. An example of this kind of system, which we do not suspect is vital for cognition, is the quantum anteripositorysuperposition. Quantum effects are vital for biological systems, since they are involved in the